The commercial parts of an artificial heart valve typically include:

1. Leaflets (or Cusps): These are the moving parts of the valve that open and close to regulate blood flow. They’re usually made from synthetic polymers, pyrolytic carbon, or biologically derived materials like bovine or porcine tissue.


2. Valve Frame (or Stent): The frame provides structure and support for the leaflets. Frames are often made from materials like titanium, cobalt-chromium alloys, or stainless steel. For transcatheter valves, the frame can be self-expanding, often made of nitinol.


3. Sewing Ring (or Suture Ring): This part is used for attaching the valve securely to the heart tissue. It’s usually made of biocompatible fabric like Dacron or polyester and can be impregnated with materials to enhance durability.


4. Annulus or Support Structure: This part helps anchor the valve and is typically made from a combination of metals and polymers to provide durability and flexibility.


5. Polymeric or Biologic Coatings: To reduce the risk of blood clots, some valves have special coatings on the leaflets or frame. These can include biocompatible coatings or anti-thrombogenic materials, depending on the valve type.


6. Delivery System (for Transcatheter Valves): In transcatheter heart valves, a specialized delivery system is used to guide the valve to the heart via catheterization. It includes catheters, balloons (if required for deployment), and sheathes.



Different commercial heart valves (e.g., mechanical, tissue, and transcatheter) may emphasize different materials or structures depending on the intended durability, flexibility, and patient-specific requirements.