Foot Orthosis

Foot Orthosis

Concept description

Customized flat foot orthosis

A customized flat foot orthosis is a foot support device or insole that is made specifically to correct or relieve problems caused by flat feet (pes planus), a condition in which the foot's arch collapses or is nonexistent. This is a conceptual design outline:

A customized flat foot orthosis is normally designed using the following steps:

  • Initial evaluations which involve examining the patient's weight, shoe style, and lifestyle in order to determine acceptable materials and designs.
  • Foot Imaging: Techniques like 3D scanning and plaster casting are utilized to record the exact shapes of the patient's feet, assuring a perfect fit.
  • CAD Modeling: Using computer-aided design software, the orthosis is created to mirror the individual foot shape and incorporate the desired design elements.
  • Prototype Fabrication: A prototype is built from the CAD model and may be adjusted based on patient feedback during trials.


The customization of a flat foot orthosis involves several critical design parameters that can be adjusted based on individual needs:

  • Arch Support Height: A higher arch support can significantly reduce peak plantar pressure and alleviate discomfort associated with flatfoot. The optimal height is determined based on the patient's foot structure and comfort.
  • Medial Posting Inclination: Adjusting the medial posting angle helps in realigning the foot and controlling excessive eversion, which is common in flatfoot conditions. This feature is crucial for redistributing forces during walking.
  • Heel Cup Height: The depth of the heel cup can enhance stability and provide additional support to the hindfoot, which is essential for patients with flatfoot.
  • Material Stiffness: The choice of materials affects both comfort and functionality. Softer materials may provide better shock absorption, while stiffer materials can offer more support. The balance between these properties must be tailored to the individual's activity level and foot mechanics


Materials used for the design: -
The orthosis base is made from durable, flexible materials like polypropylene, carbon fiber, or EVA foam. The top layer is soft, cushioning, and antimicrobial and the outer sole is high-resistance rubber or thermoplastic.

The orthosis is designed to be low profile, lightweight, and customizable, ensuring comfort and wearability. Patients can choose from various colors and materials to blend with their lifestyle needs.
Orthosis design varies based on patient's age and activity level, with pediatric orthosis supporting foot growth and developmental alignment. The adult orthosis requires more rigid structures.

Conclusion
It has been demonstrated that the use of specialized flat foot orthoses enhances gait mechanics and efficiently redistributes plantar pressure. However, evidence suggesting their superiority over prefabricated solutions remains contradictory, with some studies indicating no significant differences in pain reduction outcomes between custom-made and off-the-shelf orthotics. However, because of their customized nature and potential for enhanced comfort and support, they are frequently advised for patients with certain disorders like plantar fasciitis or consequences from diabetes-related foot problems.
In conclusion, the goal of creating a personalized flat foot orthosis is to improve mobility and lessen discomfort related to flatfoot issues by carefully taking into account a variety of biomechanical aspects and patient-specific needs.
References
Barbara, A. M., & Horton, J. (2022). Custom-Made Foot Orthotics for People With Lower Limb Conditions. Canadian Journal of Health Technologies, 2(2).
Peng, Y., Wang, Y., Wong, D. W. C., Chen, T. L. W., Chen, S. F., Zhang, G., ... & Zhang, M. (2022). Different design feature combinations of flatfoot orthosis on plantar fascia strain and plantar pressure: A muscle-driven finite element analysis with taguchi method. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 10, 853085.
CPed, S. K. B. (2019, August 12). Designing Foot Orthotics - Hersco Edu Center. Hersco Edu Center. https://hersco.com/education-center/foot-orthotic-design/